Counselor of the Foreign Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1964-1967), and Senior Foreign Policy Advisor of the Foreign Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1968-1989). Advisor to Nikita Khrushchev, Aleksey Kosygin, Leonid Brezhnev, Mikhail Gorbachev, and Boris Yeltsin.
His father was persecuted during the Stalinist purges, was arrested, and survived.
He served in the Soviet Union Army during World War II.
He later graduated from the Moscow State Institute of International Relations in Moscow, Russia.
He was a journalist and party adviser before setting up the Institute for U.S.A. and Canada Studies in 1967. He was also a member of the Community Party Central Committee.
After the Soviet Union collapsed: While the Soviet Union lost, the United States was also dealt with a blow because it no longer had a single country that was a primary foe and rallying appoint. The United States had been deprived of "The Enemy."
On the economic measures adopted in the 1990s in Russia: they had concentrated wealth in the hands of the oligarchs and undermined the middle class.