Adapted from the novel Tribulations of a Chinaman in China (1879). Later several films with the same theme were made, Flirting with Fate (1916), The Man in Search of His Murderer (1931),The Whistler (1944),Five Days (1954),Tulips (1981),I Hired a Contract Killer (1990),Bulworth (1998),Shut Up and Shoot Me (2005).