Characters in Alice in Borderland mirror classic Alice in Wonderland counterparts through their personalities and roles in the story. Arisu, Usagi, Takeru Danma, and Chishiya are counterparts for Alice, the Rabbit, the Mad Hatter, and the Chesire Cat, respectively. The characters in Alice in Borderland face more violence and death in their version of Wonderland but still adhere to the same principles as the original story.

Alice in Borderland characters have direct or indirect counterparts of the classic Alice in Wonderland story by Lewis Carroll, shared by either their personalities, the clothes they wear, or both. From the lead character Arisu being the counterpart for Alice to Chishiya as the counterpart for the Chesire Cat, characters in Borderland share similarities to their Wonderland counterparts. In the original story, Alice ends up in Wonderland after falling down a rabbit hole and meets a wide variety of characters on her quest to get home.